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Boostrapping growth in Latin America: O&G local content policy and the emergence of a new corporate production system
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ジェトロ・アジア経済研究所 APL幹事
今井 宏平 E-mail：kohei_imai
粒良 麻知子 E-mail：Machiko_Tsubura
明日山 陽子 E-mail：yoko_asuyama
開催日時
2017年2月27日 (月曜) 10時00分～11時30分
会場
要 旨
Over
the
last
couple
of
decades
Latin
America
productivity
stagnated,
deindustrialization
quickened
and
competitiveness
declined.
Brazil's
paradigmatic
industrial
policy
revival
efforts
seemingly
failed
to
reverse
these
trends.
New
institutions
and
forums
were
created
to
increase
coordination
between
government
and
business
sectors,
while
traditional
developmental
institutions
experienced
a
considerable
increase
in
their
budgets
to
fund
modernization,
internationalization
and
R&D
activities
of
companies.
In
parallel
to
these,
the
government
adopted
protectionist
measures
in
different
sectors.
Local
content
requirements
(LCR)
in
the
oil
and
gas
sector
in
1998
evolved
from
voluntary
offers
by
oil
companies
to
detailed
lists
that
cover
a
broad
array
of
equipment
and
services
based
on
a
rationale
of
securing
demand
and
creating
new
opportunities
for
firms
operating
in
Brazil.
Despite
controversial
implementation
and
boom
and
bust
results
in
promoting
specific
sector
such
as
the
shipbuilding
industry,
we
argue
that
LCR
effectively
contributed
to
the
consolidation
and
strengthening
of
links
between
oil
companies
and
the
different
tiers
of
suppliers
operating
in
the
O&G
sector
into
an
emergent
corporate
production
system
(CPS).
The
incentives
created
by
LCR
seem
to
have
established
new
collaborative
partnerships
overcoming
historical
hierarchical
patterns
between
domestic
supplier
and
foreign
firms.
By
grasping
the
opportunity
created
by
LCR
in
becoming
suppliers
of
the
O&G
sector,
Brazilian
firms
and
foreign
first-tier
suppliers
have
been
cooperating
to
deliver
equipment
and
services
to
global
oil
companies
operating
in
Brazil.
More
specifically,
we
argue
that
LCR
in
combination
with
the
high
technical
standards
and
technology-intensive
characteristics
of
the
offshore
oil
sector
in
Brazil
allowed
for
this
new
CPS
which
spurred
an
upgrading
dynamic
by
manufacturing
suppliers
in
different
tiers
of
the
supply-chain.
Critically,
however,
this
more
collaborative
CPS
and
upgrading
dynamic
has
not
translated
clearly
yet
in
an
increased
innovative
capacity
of
manufacturing
Brazilian-owned
firms.
Empirically,
our
paper
combines
survey
data
collected
from
564
suppliers
of
the
Brazilian
O&G
sector
with
case
studies
of
companies
in
different
tiers
of
the
supply
chain
–
two
large
foreign
providers
of
subsea
equipment
and
some
of
their
suppliers
and
a
cluster
of
small
size
companies,
originally
suppliers
for
the
steel
industry,
that
became
suppliers
for
the
shipbuilding
industry.
Our
results
suggest
a
debate
about
the
effectiveness
of
recent
efforts
of
Brazilian
industrial
policy
and
the
scope
conditions
of
policies
aimed
to
stimulate
upgrade
and
innovation
of
domestic
firms
joining
complex
and
sophisticated
supply
chains.
In
practical
terms,
Brazilian
efforts
on
the
O&G
sector
seem
to
have
achieved
some
positive
results
–
such
as
upgrading
–
despite
emphasis
on
goals
such
as
job
creation.
They
also
indicate
that
LCR
can
be
a
useful
policy
for
developing
countries
to
help
domestic
firms
upgrade
and
enter
sophisticated
global
supply
chains,
and
that
some
specific
sectoral
dynamics
are
more
prone
to
favor
such
process.
講師
Professor Antonio José Junqueira Botelho (Visiting Professor of Sophia University and Professor of Rio de Janeiro University Research Institut)
司会
町北 朋洋
使用言語
英語