National economic and technological development zones (NETDZs), an important innovation policy in China, play a significant role in promoting innovation. However, there are few empirical studies on their impact on innovation, especially green innovation. This study uses highly disaggregated micro-level data, including patent data, industrial firm data, and customs data to examine the impact of NETDZs on green innovation. The results showed that (1) NETDZs significantly promote green innovation, as measured by both patent quantity and quality; (2) the binding environmental indicators in China’s five-year plan enhance the promotional effect of NETDZs on green innovation; and (3) learning by importing, via both foreign direct investment and importing capital goods, is an important mechanism in the nexus between NETDZs and green innovation.