Agro-Based Industry in Myanmar Prospects and Challenges
ASEDP
No.67
Edited by U Tin Htut Oo and Toshihiro Kudo
Published in 2003
CONTENTS
Title page, Content, etc. (398KB)
Acknowledgement (57KB)
Chapter 1
Introduction (818KB)
Chapter 2
Agro-Based Industrializing Strategy (1.66MB)
1. Introduction
1-1. Background
1-2. Objectives of the Study
1-3. Definition
2. Current Conditions and Environment of Industry
2-1. Low Level of Industrialization
2-2. Changing International Environment
2-3. Overview of Present Status of Agro-based Industries
3. Agro-based Industrializing Strategy
3-1. General Framework
3-2. Basic Approach to Agro-based Industrialization Strategy in Myanmar
3-3. Leaning from Singapore's Experience
3-4. Preliminary Conclusion
1-1. Background
1-2. Objectives of the Study
1-3. Definition
2. Current Conditions and Environment of Industry
2-1. Low Level of Industrialization
2-2. Changing International Environment
2-3. Overview of Present Status of Agro-based Industries
3. Agro-based Industrializing Strategy
3-1. General Framework
3-2. Basic Approach to Agro-based Industrialization Strategy in Myanmar
3-3. Leaning from Singapore's Experience
3-4. Preliminary Conclusion
Chapter 3
Rice Industry (4.86MB)
1. Introduction
2. Agro-ecological Zones
2-1. Climate and Water Source
2-2. Soil Type
3. Rice and Myanmar
3-1. Historical Information
3-2. Current Information
4. Rice Deficit Regions
5. Rice Mills
5-1. British Government Era
5-2. Socialist Economy Era
5-3. Present Era
6. Utilization of By-Products
6-1. Bran Oil Mills
6-2. Mohinga Factories
6-3. Rice Vermicelli Mills
7. National Rice Policy
7-1. Paddy Purchasing by State
7-2. Food Security
8. Rice Export
9. Rice Marketing
9-1. Farmers' Marketing
9-2. MAPT's Rice Prices
9-3. Paddy and Rice Quality
9-4. Rice Marketing by Private Sector
10. Rice Price Domestic Market
10-1. Collapse of Rice Price
10-2. Floor Price and Ceiling Price
11. Constraints of Rice Production
11-1. Chemical Fertilizer
11-2. Quality Seeds
11-3. Insufficient Working Capital
11-4. Small-Scale Agricultural Machineries
12. Conclusion
12-1. Rice Area Expansion for Long Term
12-2. Rice Research
12-3. Post Harvest Technology
12-4. Land Policy
12-5. Pricing Policy
12-6. Development of Rice Mills
12-7. Inventory Credit System
12-8. Quality Seed
12-9. Agro-inputs
12-10. Market Information & Market Research
2. Agro-ecological Zones
2-1. Climate and Water Source
2-2. Soil Type
3. Rice and Myanmar
3-1. Historical Information
3-2. Current Information
4. Rice Deficit Regions
5. Rice Mills
5-1. British Government Era
5-2. Socialist Economy Era
5-3. Present Era
6. Utilization of By-Products
6-1. Bran Oil Mills
6-2. Mohinga Factories
6-3. Rice Vermicelli Mills
7. National Rice Policy
7-1. Paddy Purchasing by State
7-2. Food Security
8. Rice Export
9. Rice Marketing
9-1. Farmers' Marketing
9-2. MAPT's Rice Prices
9-3. Paddy and Rice Quality
9-4. Rice Marketing by Private Sector
10. Rice Price Domestic Market
10-1. Collapse of Rice Price
10-2. Floor Price and Ceiling Price
11. Constraints of Rice Production
11-1. Chemical Fertilizer
11-2. Quality Seeds
11-3. Insufficient Working Capital
11-4. Small-Scale Agricultural Machineries
12. Conclusion
12-1. Rice Area Expansion for Long Term
12-2. Rice Research
12-3. Post Harvest Technology
12-4. Land Policy
12-5. Pricing Policy
12-6. Development of Rice Mills
12-7. Inventory Credit System
12-8. Quality Seed
12-9. Agro-inputs
12-10. Market Information & Market Research
Chapter 4
Wheat Flour Industry (2.06MB)
1. Introduction
2. Review of Past Performance of Wheat Production and Its Productivity
2-1. Colonial Era (1901-02 to 1947-48)
2-2. Independent Era (1948-49 to 1973-74)
2-3. Socialist Era (1974-75 to 1987-88)
3. Current situation of Wheat Production
3-1. Changing Situation
3-2. Varietal History and Improvement
3-3. Cropping practices in Major Wheat Growing Areas
4. Major Constraints to Wheat Production
4-1. Production Constraints
4-2. Agronomic Constraints
4-3. Management Constraints
4-4. Institutional Constraints
5. Consumption Pattern of Wheat, Wheat Import and Status of Self-Sufficiency
5-1. Consumption Pattern
5-2. Wheat and Wheat products Utilized in Myanmar
5-3. Wheat Import and Status of Self-Sufficiency
6. Marketing of Wheat & Wheat Flour Industries
6-1. Marketing System
6-2. Cost of Production & Farm-Gate Price
6-3. Wheat Flour Industries
7. Research and Human Resources Development
7-1. Research Development
7-2. Human Resources Development
8. Prospects and Challenges
8-1. Research Aspects
8-2. Land Potential
8-3. Human Resources Development
9. Recommendations for Improvement of Wheat Industries
10. Conclusion
2. Review of Past Performance of Wheat Production and Its Productivity
2-1. Colonial Era (1901-02 to 1947-48)
2-2. Independent Era (1948-49 to 1973-74)
2-3. Socialist Era (1974-75 to 1987-88)
3. Current situation of Wheat Production
3-1. Changing Situation
3-2. Varietal History and Improvement
3-3. Cropping practices in Major Wheat Growing Areas
4. Major Constraints to Wheat Production
4-1. Production Constraints
4-2. Agronomic Constraints
4-3. Management Constraints
4-4. Institutional Constraints
5. Consumption Pattern of Wheat, Wheat Import and Status of Self-Sufficiency
5-1. Consumption Pattern
5-2. Wheat and Wheat products Utilized in Myanmar
5-3. Wheat Import and Status of Self-Sufficiency
6. Marketing of Wheat & Wheat Flour Industries
6-1. Marketing System
6-2. Cost of Production & Farm-Gate Price
6-3. Wheat Flour Industries
7. Research and Human Resources Development
7-1. Research Development
7-2. Human Resources Development
8. Prospects and Challenges
8-1. Research Aspects
8-2. Land Potential
8-3. Human Resources Development
9. Recommendations for Improvement of Wheat Industries
10. Conclusion
Chapter 5
Pulses Industry (1.13MB)
1. Introduction
2. Pulses Production
3. Constraints and Limiting Factors for Production
3-1. Lack of Quality Seed
3-2. Lack of Crop Management Optima and Suitable Varieties
3-3. Transfer of Improved Technology
3-4. Narrow Genetic Diversity
3-5. Biotic and Abiotic Stresses
4. Export
4-1. Export Growth
4-2. Value-Added Export
5. Imports
6. Consumption Pattern
7. Comparative Advantage of Pulses
8. Marketing
9. Human Resources Development in Pulses Industry
9-1. Current Status of HRD in Pulses Production
9-2. Future HRD Program of Pulses
10. Conclusion
2. Pulses Production
3. Constraints and Limiting Factors for Production
3-1. Lack of Quality Seed
3-2. Lack of Crop Management Optima and Suitable Varieties
3-3. Transfer of Improved Technology
3-4. Narrow Genetic Diversity
3-5. Biotic and Abiotic Stresses
4. Export
4-1. Export Growth
4-2. Value-Added Export
5. Imports
6. Consumption Pattern
7. Comparative Advantage of Pulses
8. Marketing
9. Human Resources Development in Pulses Industry
9-1. Current Status of HRD in Pulses Production
9-2. Future HRD Program of Pulses
10. Conclusion
Chapter 6
Feed Industry (1.81MB)
1. Introduction
2. Current Status of Livestock & Fisheries Sector
2-1. Ruminant Farming
2-2. Small-scale Animals Production
2-3. Animal Population and Growth
3. Feeding System
3-1. Feeding to Cattle and Buffaloes
3-2. Feeding t Poultry, Duck, Sheep, Goat and Pig
4. Feed Sources and Requirements
4-1. Roughages
4-2. Concentrates
4-3. Fishery Products and Fish Meals
4-4. Feed Requirements & Supply Situation
4-5. Compound Feed Production
4-6. Poultry Feeds Production and Requirements of Raw Materials
5. Pasture Establishment
5-1. Different Types of Pastures
5-2. Grazing Ground Availability
6. Production and Export of Some Important Crops
7. Human Resource Development for Feed Industry
8. Danyin-kone Feed Mill
9. Conclusion
2. Current Status of Livestock & Fisheries Sector
2-1. Ruminant Farming
2-2. Small-scale Animals Production
2-3. Animal Population and Growth
3. Feeding System
3-1. Feeding to Cattle and Buffaloes
3-2. Feeding t Poultry, Duck, Sheep, Goat and Pig
4. Feed Sources and Requirements
4-1. Roughages
4-2. Concentrates
4-3. Fishery Products and Fish Meals
4-4. Feed Requirements & Supply Situation
4-5. Compound Feed Production
4-6. Poultry Feeds Production and Requirements of Raw Materials
5. Pasture Establishment
5-1. Different Types of Pastures
5-2. Grazing Ground Availability
6. Production and Export of Some Important Crops
7. Human Resource Development for Feed Industry
8. Danyin-kone Feed Mill
9. Conclusion
Chapter 7
Edible Oil Industry (1.52MB)
1. Introduction
2. Background History
3. Oilseed Crops Production in the Past
3-1. Colonial Era (1900 to 1948)
3-2. Independent Era (1948-49 to 1973-74)
3-3. Socialist Era (1974-75 to 1987-88)
4. Current Situation on Oilseed Crop Production (1989-1900 to 1999-2000)
4-1. Groundnut
4-2. Sesame
4-3. Sunflower
4-4. Niger
4-5. Mustard
5. Utilization
5-1. Edible Oil
5-2. Snack Food
5-3. Fermented Cake
6. Oil Mill
7. Marketing Policy and System
8. Research and Human Resource Development
9. Constraints
10. Recommendation
11. Oil Palm Development
11-1. Background
11-2. Present Situation
11-3. Oil Palm Project
11-4. Palm Oil Mill
11-5. Constraints and Issues
11-6. Measures
12. Conclusion
2. Background History
3. Oilseed Crops Production in the Past
3-1. Colonial Era (1900 to 1948)
3-2. Independent Era (1948-49 to 1973-74)
3-3. Socialist Era (1974-75 to 1987-88)
4. Current Situation on Oilseed Crop Production (1989-1900 to 1999-2000)
4-1. Groundnut
4-2. Sesame
4-3. Sunflower
4-4. Niger
4-5. Mustard
5. Utilization
5-1. Edible Oil
5-2. Snack Food
5-3. Fermented Cake
6. Oil Mill
7. Marketing Policy and System
8. Research and Human Resource Development
9. Constraints
10. Recommendation
11. Oil Palm Development
11-1. Background
11-2. Present Situation
11-3. Oil Palm Project
11-4. Palm Oil Mill
11-5. Constraints and Issues
11-6. Measures
12. Conclusion
Chapter 8
1. Introduction
2. The Current Status of SMEs in Myanmar
3. Description of Different Forms of Jaggery Products
4. Beginning of Sugar Processing Industry in Myanmar
5. Myanmar Indigenous Technology of Pan Boiling
6. Jaggery Trade and Business
7. State Enterprise vs Private Enterprise
8. Structural Adjustment of SMEs in Myanmar Sugar Industry
9. Expansion of the Industry
10 Production Estimates
11. Salient Industrial Features of Private Sector Sugar Production
12. Comparison and Contrast between Prewar Myanmar Rice Industry and Present Private Sector Sugar Industry
13. Strength and Weakness of SMEs in Private Sugar Industry
13-1. Compatibility
13-2. Relevancy
13-3. Appropriateness
13-4. Weakness
14. Market Channels of SMEs in Private Sugar Industry
15. Development Isues of Sugar Processing SMEs
16. Conclusion
2. The Current Status of SMEs in Myanmar
3. Description of Different Forms of Jaggery Products
4. Beginning of Sugar Processing Industry in Myanmar
5. Myanmar Indigenous Technology of Pan Boiling
6. Jaggery Trade and Business
7. State Enterprise vs Private Enterprise
8. Structural Adjustment of SMEs in Myanmar Sugar Industry
9. Expansion of the Industry
10 Production Estimates
11. Salient Industrial Features of Private Sector Sugar Production
12. Comparison and Contrast between Prewar Myanmar Rice Industry and Present Private Sector Sugar Industry
13. Strength and Weakness of SMEs in Private Sugar Industry
13-1. Compatibility
13-2. Relevancy
13-3. Appropriateness
13-4. Weakness
14. Market Channels of SMEs in Private Sugar Industry
15. Development Isues of Sugar Processing SMEs
16. Conclusion
Chapter 9
Cotton textile Industry (4.07MB)
1. Introduction
2. Historical Perspective of Myanmar Textile Industry
3. Cotton Textile Industry
3-1. State-owned Sector
3-2. Cooperative Sector
3-3. Private Sector
3-4. Export Oriented Private Textile and Garment Industry
3-5. Textile Exports and Imports
3-6. Domestic Demand and Per capital Consumption of Fabrics
4. Cotton Industry
4-1. Historical Perspective and Economic Importance of Cotton
4-2. Cotton Species Grown in Myanmar
4-3. Profile of Cotton Area, Yield and Production
4-4. Cotton Supply and Use
4-5. Cotton Procurement
4-6. The Myanmar Cotton and Cotton Products Merchants and Manufacturers' Association
4-7. Ginning and Processing Sector
4-8. Downstream Industries
4-9. Challenges in Cotton Production
4-10. Opportunities in Cotton Production
4-11. Proposed Strategy for Future Development of Textile Industry with Particular Emphasis on Cotton Development
5. Conclusion
2. Historical Perspective of Myanmar Textile Industry
3. Cotton Textile Industry
3-1. State-owned Sector
3-2. Cooperative Sector
3-3. Private Sector
3-4. Export Oriented Private Textile and Garment Industry
3-5. Textile Exports and Imports
3-6. Domestic Demand and Per capital Consumption of Fabrics
4. Cotton Industry
4-1. Historical Perspective and Economic Importance of Cotton
4-2. Cotton Species Grown in Myanmar
4-3. Profile of Cotton Area, Yield and Production
4-4. Cotton Supply and Use
4-5. Cotton Procurement
4-6. The Myanmar Cotton and Cotton Products Merchants and Manufacturers' Association
4-7. Ginning and Processing Sector
4-8. Downstream Industries
4-9. Challenges in Cotton Production
4-10. Opportunities in Cotton Production
4-11. Proposed Strategy for Future Development of Textile Industry with Particular Emphasis on Cotton Development
5. Conclusion
Chapter 10
1. Introduction
2. Background History
3. Constitution
4. Objectives and Functions
5. Sown Acres and Raw Jute Production
6. Purchasing Prices
7. Installed Machinery
8. Products
9. Export
10. Production of Mills & Factories
11. Diversified Application of Jute, Kenaf and Allied Fibre
12. The New Projects of MJI
134. Human Resource Development Activities
14. Constraints
15. Conclusion
2. Background History
3. Constitution
4. Objectives and Functions
5. Sown Acres and Raw Jute Production
6. Purchasing Prices
7. Installed Machinery
8. Products
9. Export
10. Production of Mills & Factories
11. Diversified Application of Jute, Kenaf and Allied Fibre
12. The New Projects of MJI
134. Human Resource Development Activities
14. Constraints
15. Conclusion
Chapter 11
1. Introduction
2. Review of Past Performance
3. Current Situation for Rubber Development
4. Development Strategies
4-1. Rubber Production
4-2. Role of the Private Sector in Rubber Industry
4-3. Extension Services
4-4. Research Needs
4-5. Planting Materials
4-6. Chemical Fertilizers
4-7. Role of Intercropping
4-8. Investment Needs
4-9. Rubber Goods
5. Constraints and Issues
5-1. Land policies
5-2. Production
5-3. Marketing
5-4. Export
5-5. Finance and Tax
5-6. Rubber Products
6. Measures and Ways for Further Development
6-1. Agronomy
6-2. Industry
7. Prospects and Challenges
7-1. Yield
7-2. competitiveness
7-3. value Added Products
7-4. Research and Development
7-5. Human Resources Development
8. Finding
9. Recommendation
10. Conclusion
2. Review of Past Performance
3. Current Situation for Rubber Development
4. Development Strategies
4-1. Rubber Production
4-2. Role of the Private Sector in Rubber Industry
4-3. Extension Services
4-4. Research Needs
4-5. Planting Materials
4-6. Chemical Fertilizers
4-7. Role of Intercropping
4-8. Investment Needs
4-9. Rubber Goods
5. Constraints and Issues
5-1. Land policies
5-2. Production
5-3. Marketing
5-4. Export
5-5. Finance and Tax
5-6. Rubber Products
6. Measures and Ways for Further Development
6-1. Agronomy
6-2. Industry
7. Prospects and Challenges
7-1. Yield
7-2. competitiveness
7-3. value Added Products
7-4. Research and Development
7-5. Human Resources Development
8. Finding
9. Recommendation
10. Conclusion