包括的成長へのアプローチ - インドの挑戦 -
調査研究報告書
平島成望・小田尚也 編
2009年3月発行
Edited by Shigemochi Hirashima, Hisaya Oda, and Yuko Tsujita Inclusiveness in India —A Strategy for Growth and Equality—
Palgrave Macmillan IDE-JETRO Series, June 2011
です。
本章は、このような観点に立ち、貧困問題を、「地域開発としての農業・農村セクター分析として位置づけ、フローのみでなくストックの視点をいれた「格差」の問題」として分析する有効性を検討する。研究対象としては、インドにおける貧困州の代名詞的なビハール州を取り上げ、District 単位の問題点を検討し、第2段階に予定されている村落レベル調査に関する予備的考察を行なう。
Moreover, asset holdings are crucial for gaining access to credit, which in turn influences the education decisions of poor households. The current pattern of asset holdings in rural India is unequal, and inequality has increased during the 1990s. The bulk of rural household assets is kept as land, which suggests that the asset position of the smallest holders is declining in absolute terms. While successive land reform initiatives have been undertaken by state governments, they have not led to significant equalization of asset holdings. Moreover, market forces and policy-induced distortions have tended to work in favor of higher inequality in asset distribution. If national and state governments are serious about poverty reduction, they may first need to consider undoing some of the artificial distortions.