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	<title>ジェトロ・アジア経済研究所 報告書・レポート</title>
	<description>ジェトロ・アジア経済研究所の報告書・レポートです</description>
	<link>http://www.ide.go.jp/</link>
	<copyright>Copyright (C) JETRO. All rights reserved.</copyright>
	<language>ja</language>

	<item>
		<title>Cost Reduction Effects of "pseudo FTAs" in Asia
-Application of a price model based on a multilateral I/O table- No.226 March 2010</title>
		<link>http://www.ide.go.jp/English/Publish/Download/Dp/226.html</link>
		<description>This paper examines the repercussion effects on the production cost of industries in Asian countries when some countries eliminate tariffs and import commodity taxes on all imports. This kind of analy...</description>
		<category>Discussion Papers</category>
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			<![CDATA[This paper examines the repercussion effects on the production cost of industries in Asian countries when some countries eliminate tariffs and import commodity taxes on all imports. This kind of analysis is related in some sense to that measuring the effects of FTAs on economies, and thus may be considered as an analysis of “pseudo FTAs.” Examining a number of combinations of “pseudo FTAs” between China, Japan, and ASEAN, it is found that the case of China plus Japan plus ASEAN is the most effective “pseudo FTA” of the combinations in terms of production cost reduction. The method is a form of price model based on the Asian International Input-Output Table. Almost no studies on price models related to multilateral I/O tables have been implemented thus far.<br />
<br />
<b>Keywords:</b> Input-Output Models; Input-Output Table and analysis; Trade<br />
<b>JEL classification:</b> C67, D57, F1]]>
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		<title>Natural Gas Export Revenue, Fiscal Balance and Inflation in Myanmar No.225 March 2010</title>
		<link>http://www.ide.go.jp/English/Publish/Download/Dp/225.html</link>
		<description>While natural gas exports have brought a large amount of foreign currency revenue to the Government of Myanmar, their contribution to reducing monetization of the fiscal deficit and disinflation has b...</description>
		<category>Discussion Papers</category>
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			<![CDATA[While natural gas exports have brought a large amount of foreign currency revenue to the Government of Myanmar, their contribution to reducing monetization of the fiscal deficit and disinflation has been obscure. The immediate reason is that under the country’s dual exchange rate system, the revenue is converted at the grossly overvalued official rate which undervalues it in terms of the local currency by 1/200.<br />
<br />
However, devaluation would only improve the fiscal balance and not reduce the excess money supply since the central bank cannot sterilize the impact of the foreign reserve increase. As a policy reform to utilize the revenue for disinflation, this study proposes deregulation of the strict controls on foreign exchange.<br />
<br />
<b>Keywords:</b> Myanmar, Disinflation, Natural Resource Exports, Dual Exchange Rates<br />
<b>JEL classification:</b> O53, E31, Q33, F31]]>
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		<title>Separation of Control and Cash-Flow Rights of State Owned Listed Enterprises: 
Channels of Expropriation following Discriminated Share Reform in China No.224 February 2010</title>
		<link>http://www.ide.go.jp/English/Publish/Download/Dp/224.html</link>
		<description>Literature on agency problems arising between controlling and minority owners claim that separation of cash flow and control rights allows controllers to expropriate listed firms, and further that sep...</description>
		<category>Discussion Papers</category>
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			<![CDATA[Literature on agency problems arising between controlling and minority owners claim that separation of cash flow and control rights allows controllers to expropriate listed firms, and further that separation emerges when dual class shares or pyramiding corporate structures exist. Dual class share and pyramiding coexisted in listed companies of China until discriminated share reform was implemented in 2005. This paper presents a model of controller to expropriate behavior as well as empirical tests of expropriation via particular accounting items and pyramiding generated expropriation. Results show that expropriation is apparent for state controlled listed companies. While reforms have weakened the power to expropriate, separation remains and still generates expropriation. If the “one share, one vote” principle were to be realized, asset inflation could be reduced by 13 percent.<br />
<br />
<b>Keywords:</b> corporate governance, concentrated owner, expropriation, state owned enterprises, China<br />
<b>JEL classification:</b> G32, G34 ,K22、P31, P34]]>
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		<title>The Taiwan Strait Crisis of 1954-55 and U.S.-R.O.C Relations No.223 February 2010</title>
		<link>http://www.ide.go.jp/English/Publish/Download/Dp/223.html</link>
		<description>On September 3, 1954, Chinese artillery began shelling Quemoy (Jinmen), one of the Kuomintang-held offshore islands, setting off the first Taiwan Strait Crisis. This paper focuses on the crisis and an...</description>
		<category>Discussion Papers</category>
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			<![CDATA[On September 3, 1954, Chinese artillery began shelling Quemoy (Jinmen), one of the Kuomintang-held offshore islands, setting off the first Taiwan Strait Crisis. This paper focuses on the crisis and analyzes the following three questions: (1) What was the policy the U.S. took towards the Republic of China (R.O.C), especially towards the offshore islands, to try to end the Taiwan Strait Crisis? (2) What were the intentions of the U.S. government in trying to end the Taiwan Strait Crisis? And (3) how should U.S. policy towards the R.O.C. which led to solving the Taiwan Strait Crisis be positioned in the history of Sino-American relations? Through analysis of these questions, this study concludes that the position the U.S. took to bring an end to crisis, one which prevented China from “liberating Taiwan” and the Kuomintang from “attacking the mainland,” brought about the existence of a de facto “two-China” situation. <br />
<br />
<b>Keywords:</b> Taiwan Strait Crisis, Quemoy, Jinmen, U.S.-R.O.C. Relations, Two-China<br />
<b>JEL classification:</b> Z]]>
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		<title>The Experience of the National Rainbow Coalition (NARC): Political Parties in Kenya from 1991 to 2007 No.222 February 2010</title>
		<link>http://www.ide.go.jp/English/Publish/Download/Dp/222.html</link>
		<description>This paper first examines splits and mergers among Kenya’s political parties (and inner-party factions) from the restoration of a multi-party system in 1991 until 2007, before the turbulent 10th gener...</description>
		<category>Discussion Papers</category>
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			<![CDATA[This paper first examines splits and mergers among Kenya’s political parties (and inner-party factions) from the restoration of a multi-party system in 1991 until 2007, before the turbulent 10th general elections were conducted. It then considers what functions “political parties” have in Kenya with special reference to the period since 2002, the year in which President Moi announced his intention to retire. A look back at NARC’s five years of rule reveals that, although it succeeded in changing the government, NARC, as a “political party,” remained throughout an organization without any real substance. The paper looks at (1) NARC’s de facto split after its overwhelming win in the ninth general election, (2) malfunctions of the anti-defection laws that were introduced in the 1960s, and (3) Kenya’s election rules that require candidates to be nominated by registered political parties in general elections. The paper proceeds to argue that as a result of the operation of these three elements, Kenya’s political parties, and especially the victorious coalition sides, tend to end up being nothing more than temporary vehicles for political elites angling for post-election posts.<br />
<br />
<b>Keywords:</b> Elections - Kenya, Democracy - Kenya, Kenya- Politics and government]]>
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		<title>世界経済危機後の東アジアの貿易動向
(Recent Trade Development of East Asia after the Global Economic Crisis)  2009年12月</title>
		<link>http://www.ide.go.jp/Japanese/Publish/Download/Other/0912_01.html</link>
		<description>本資料は、日本貿易振興機構アジア経済研究所(IDE-JETRO)及び東アジア・ASEAN 経済研究センター(ERIA)の主催による国際シンポジウム「世界経済危機と東アジア経済の再構築」(2009年12月1日、東京)にあたって、参加者の方に基礎的データを提供するために作成、配布されたもの。</description>
		<category>その他</category>
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			<![CDATA[本資料は、日本貿易振興機構アジア経済研究所(IDE-JETRO)及び東アジア・ASEAN 経済研究センター(ERIA)の主催による国際シンポジウム「<a href="/Japanese/Event/Sympo/091201.html">世界経済危機と東アジア経済の再構築</a>」(2009年12月1日、東京)にあたって、参加者の方に基礎的データを提供するために作成、配布されたもの。]]>
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		<title>Inferring the Effects of Vertical Integration from Entry Games: An Analysis of the Generic Pharmaceutical Industry No.221 January 2010</title>
		<link>http://www.ide.go.jp/English/Publish/Download/Dp/221.html</link>
		<description>This paper introduces a novel method for examining the effects of vertical integration. The basic idea is to estimate the parameters of a vertical entry game. By carefully specifying firms' payoff equ...</description>
		<category>Discussion Papers</category>
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			<![CDATA[This paper introduces a novel method for examining the effects of vertical integration. The basic idea is to estimate the parameters of a vertical entry game. By carefully specifying firms' payoff equations and constructing appropriate tests, it is possible to use estimates on rival profit effects to make inferences about the existence of vertical foreclosure. I estimate the vertical entry model using data from the US generic pharmaceutical industry. The estimates indicate that vertical integration is unlikely to generate anticompetitive foreclosure effects. On the other hand, significant efficiency effects are found to arise from vertical integration. I use the parameter estimates to simulate a policy that bans vertically integrated entry. The simulation results suggest that such a ban is counterproductive; it is likely to reduce entry into smaller markets.<br />
<br />
<b>Keywords:</b> vertical integration, vertical foreclosure, entry, generic pharmaceuticals<br />
<b>JEL classification:</b> L10, L13, L22, L42, L65]]>
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		<title>Shock Transmission Mechanism of the Economic Crisis in East Asia: An Application of International Input-Output Analysis No.220 January 2010</title>
		<link>http://www.ide.go.jp/English/Publish/Download/Dp/220.html</link>
		<description>This paper investigates the impacts of the 2008 economic crisis on industries in East Asia. By using the updated Asian international input-output table for 2008, the paper attempts to identify the tra...</description>
		<category>Discussion Papers</category>
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			<![CDATA[This paper investigates the impacts of the 2008 economic crisis on industries in East Asia. By using the updated Asian international input-output table for 2008, the paper attempts to identify the transmission mechanism and the magnitude of impact of the crisis on industries in East Asia. The analyses reveal that the crisis significantly affected industrial output of the nine East Asian countries. In particular, the countries which are deeply involved in production networks were affected most seriously. Moreover, the analyses show that the impact was transmitted to East Asian industries considerably through the “triangular trade”, in which China imports parts and components from neighboring East Asian countries and then exports final products to the U.S. and EU markets.<br />
<br />
<b>Keywords:</b> Asian international input-output table, triangular trade, production network<br />
<b>JEL classification:</b> C67, D57, F14, F15]]>
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		<title>Capability Matrix: A Framework for Analyzing Capabilities in Value Chains No.219 December 2009</title>
		<link>http://www.ide.go.jp/English/Publish/Download/Dp/219.html</link>
		<description>This paper develops a Capability Matrix for analyzing capabilities of developing country firms that participate in global and national value chains. This is a generic framework to capture firm-level k...</description>
		<category>Discussion Papers</category>
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			<![CDATA[This paper develops a Capability Matrix for analyzing capabilities of developing country firms that participate in global and national value chains. This is a generic framework to capture firm-level knowledge accumulation in the context of global and local industrial constellations, by integrating key elements of the global value chain (GVC) and technological capabilities (TC) approaches. The framework can visually portray characteristics of firms’ capabilities, and highlight a relatively overlooked factor in the GVC approach: local firms’ endogenous learning efforts in varieties of relationship with lead firms.<br />
<br />
<b>Keywords:</b> Capability Matrix, capabilities, value chains, lead firms, local firms<br />
<b>JEL classification:</b> B41, L22, L60, O31]]>
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		<title>Measurements to Assess Progress in Rights and Livelihood of Persons with Disabilities: Implications Drawn from the IDE-PIDS Socio-Economic Survey of PWDs No.218 December 2009</title>
		<link>http://www.ide.go.jp/English/Publish/Download/Dp/218.html</link>
		<description>Finding measurements to collect in order to assess the rights and livelihood of persons with disabilities is an urgent challenge that needs be addressed to further “disability and development”. The In...</description>
		<category>Discussion Papers</category>
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			<![CDATA[Finding measurements to collect in order to assess the rights and livelihood of persons with disabilities is an urgent challenge that needs be addressed to further “disability and development”. The Institute of Developing Economies (IDE) and the Philippine Institute for Development Studies (PIDS) jointly conducted a field survey of persons with disabilities (PWDs) living in Metro Manila, Philippines, in 2008. Referring to lessons drawn from the survey, the authors discuss what data and indicators should be collected. Additional measurements are proposed, supplementing those in a seminal paper, Rapley [2007]. The main point of the proposal is to suggest some process-oriented measures reflecting the Biwako Millennium Framework in addition to the result-based measures in line with the Millennium Development Goals. Our suggestion is to add indices in the following five areas: 1) accessibility for PWDs, 2) disabled people’s organizations, 3) education, 4) employment, and 5) participation in decision-making.<br />
<br />
<b>Keywords:</b> disability; measurements; rights; livelihood; Philippines<br />
<b>JEL classification:</b> I12, I21, I31, I32]]>
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